{"id":16467,"date":"2023-05-03T13:09:37","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T10:09:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/?p=16467"},"modified":"2025-06-04T17:48:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T14:48:25","slug":"chto-takoe-signatura-v-programmirovanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/chto-takoe-signatura-v-programmirovanii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c signature. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0438\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 JavaScript \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/javascript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">function add(x, y) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">return x + y;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;add&#187;, \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, &#171;x&#187; \u0438 &#171;y&#187;, \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/cplusplus-start\/\">C++<\/a> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/c++<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">void swap(int* a, int* b) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int temp = *a;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">*a = *b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">*b = temp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;swap&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, &#171;a&#187; \u0438 &#171;b&#187;, \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/junior-course\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1-1024x536.jpg?strip=all&quality=92&webp=92&avif=90&sharp=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1 1024w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1-300x157.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1 300w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1-768x402.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1 768w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=102 102w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=204 204w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=409 409w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=512 512w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=614 614w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=716 716w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=819 819w, https:\/\/esvt4mphmap.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1200_628_2_1.jpg?strip=all&amp;quality=92&amp;webp=92&amp;avif=90&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=921 921w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/junior-course\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0423\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 JavaScript-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;add&#187; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 &#171;x&#187; \u0438 &#171;y&#187; \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 C++ \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#171;Stack&#187; \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/c++<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">class Stack {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">public:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">Stack();<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">~Stack();<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">void push(int x);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int pop();<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">private:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int *arr;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">};<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#171;Stack()&#187;, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#171;~Stack()&#187;, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b push(int x) \u0438 pop(). \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 &#171;arr&#187;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#171;swap&#187; \u0432 Java \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/java<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int swap(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int temp = a;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">a = b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">b = temp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 swap \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 int a \u0438 int b \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 Java \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 &#171;Comparable&#187; \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/java<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">public interface Comparable {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int compareTo(Object obj);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 compareTo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421++ \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0421++ \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0438\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (public, private, protected, friend);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (public, private, protected);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 (in, out, constant).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int add(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;return a+b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 add, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 int a \u0438 int b. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e `int` \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 int. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e `in` \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b `out` \u0438 `constant` \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e `private` \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Java<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/kurs-java-start-1\/\">Java<\/a> \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0438\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 (public, private, protected, static, final, volatile \u0438.\u0442.\u0434.), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 (abstract, static, final) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/java<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">int sum(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;return a+b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">}<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#095bb2\">\/\/\/\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 sum, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 int a \u0438 int b. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e `int` \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 int.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432 JavaScript<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 JavaScript \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-pale-ocean-gradient-background has-text-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/foxminded.ua\/ru\/javascript-start\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JavaScript Start <\/a>&#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u0423\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Javascript, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a JavaScript Start \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 JS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 JavaScript \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0425\u0438\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0438-\u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u041d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\/\/ length :: String \u2192 Number<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">const length = s =&gt; s.length;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f length, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f s.length. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 JavaScript \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c signature \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 JavaScript, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0435\u0451 signature, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0412\u042b\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u0422\u042c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lFEbdPdUt40?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c signature. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u0421\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learning"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c 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